Which data-integrity principle should be incorporated into SOPs to ensure consistent data handling?

• A. Accuracy
• B. Completeness
• C. Traceability
• D. Security

Answer: (B)

Completeness means capturing all the data fields and records required for each step of a process. In SOPs, tasks depend on having the right information at the right time; when data is incomplete, workers may skip steps, guess at values, or vary how the task is performed, leading to inconsistent results. By embedding completeness into the procedures—explicitly listing which data must be captured, which forms must be filled, and what a complete record looks like—you create a standard, repeatable data handling pattern. This makes outcomes more uniform across people and shifts and supports reliable audits and downstream analysis. While accuracy, traceability, and security are also important, completeness directly ensures the necessary data is present to maintain consistent handling across the board.